中学生英语写作培养（二十二）

（第一部分）说明文　　Passage 1　　Shoes　　We all wear shoes.Shoes keep us warm when it is cold.　　They can make us look nice and smart too.　　We wear different kinds of shoes.When we go to work, we put on our working shoes.When we go for sports, we put on our sport shoes.When we are at home, we change into slippers.On special days, we put on our best shoes.　　Shoes are made from leather.There are many kinds of leather.Some are thick and heavy.Others are thin and light.Good leather does not cause blisters.　　Passage 2　　The Chick　The chick is a small animal.It is a bird.It lives only on land.We usually find it on farms.　　It has a head, a body, two legs and two wings.Its feathers are soft and furry.It has two small eyes and a sharp beak.Behind each eye is a tiny hole.These are the ears.The chick has sharp claws on its toes.The claws are for perching, resting and searching for food.　　The chick feeds on worms and seeds.It uses its sharp claws to scratch for worms.It uses its beak to pick up seeds and pull out worms.Then it swallows its food whole.　　Passage 3　Useful plants　　Plants are useful to us in many ways.One useful plant is the bamboo.It is hard and strong.It can be used to build houses.The stem of the bamboo can be used to make containers, musical instruments and water——pipes.The young bamboo shoot can also be eaten.　　Another useful plant is the pine tree.Its wood can be used to build houses and make tables, desks and other furniture.The branches can be used to make paper.In winter the branches and logs can be used to heat rooms when it is cold.Its seeds can be eaten.　Another useful plant is the rubber tree.The liquid from the trunk of the rubber tree is used to make tyres, rubber boots, rubber gloves and many other things.　　Passage 4　Plants and Their Uses to Man　　There are different kinds of plants in this world.Some plants grow in the forests and jungles whiles some, such as corn , wheat and rice, are grown by man.　　Plants are very useful to human beings.Without these plants, life will be very difficult.People depend a lot on plants.Plants such as rice, wheat and sugar——cane are a source of food.They provide people with rice, flour and sugar.Cotton from cotton plant can be turned into materials for clothing.　　In many countries, trees provide man with fuel and building materials in the form of wood.In some cold countries, logs from trees are used to heat rooms while in some hot countries, leaves from palm trees are used for roofs of houses.　　Passage 5　　The Elephants　　The elephant is a huge (large) animal.It can be recognized by its long trunk and two big ears.Its skin is grey, thick and wrinkled.　　Wild elephants are found in Africa.They move about in herds.A full——grown elephant can weigh more than 3000kg and is the largest plant——eater in the world.Even though it is heavy, it can move about very quietly.It uses its trunk to pull off leaves and branches of trees.It also uses its trunk to suck water for drinking and bathing.　　Elephants have no enemies except man.Poachers kill them for their tusks and skin although it is illegal (not allowed).Those elephants kept in the zoos are well looked after.　　Passage 6　　China　　As is known to all, China is the third largest country in the world and it is one of the developing countries.The size of China is 9.60 million square kilometers and its population is about 1.3 billion.It has a long coast line on the west of the Pacific and it borders 15 countries on the other three sides.　　China is made up of 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 cities and 2 special administrative areas.Shanghai is the largest and most famous city but the capital is Beijing, where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held.　It is well——known that China has a long history of more than 5,000 years, during which there were four famous inventions.But it was not until 1949 that the People’s Republic of China was founded.　　Passage 7　　The Panda　　The panda is a rare animal, but it is very lovely.It is a mammal.It is bigger than a dog but smaller than a bear.This animal moves slowly but can climb trees.The skin is usually black and white.It moves on four legs.　　The panda is found only in China.It lives in the forest and eats the leaves of bamboo plant.When it sees an enemy, it will run away and hide.Sometimes it will attack man.The mother panda keeps her baby in the nest in a hole or under a tree.　　Although the panda is very valuable, it is protected by the government.We can teach a panda to roll a ball or turn around a bar.We can see pandas in the zoo.There are also pictures of this animal in books, postcards and on TV, too.　　Passage 8　　Sea Lions　　Sea lions are warm——blooded animals.They are mammals.They belong to the same family as the seals.Most of them are found in the colder waters of northern and southern parts of the earth.The most common sea lions are the Californian Sea lions.　　Sea lions spend most of their time in water.They come ashore in large groups to breed and rest.They have no legs.They use their four flippers to swim and move about on land.Sea lions feed on fish and shellfish.Like many other mammals, sea lions give birth to live young.The mothers feed the young with milk that is produced in the mother’s body.　　Sea lions are intelligent and friendly animals.They are good at learning tricks.They can often be seen performing in zoos and circuses.They can balance a ball on their nose.They can shoot a ball into the basket.　　Passage 9　　Our School Campus