中学生英语写作培养（一）

1.给出经典理解性范文（A comprehension model passage)。学生在教师的引导下，采用自读、听读、记忆默写，出示课件或挂图，引导对话等方式，认真阅读理解范文，分清文章内在层次关系，抓住重点词汇和句型结构。　
  2.给出控制性仿写作文的题目(A parallel topic)。　　
  如：理解范文题目为　　Useful Animals 有用的动物　　习作对应题目为　Useful Plants  有用的植物　　
  3.仿写（组织语言材料）(Organization)　学生根据范文的段落结构组织写作，注意利用在范文中所学到的时态、句型、词汇进行有创造性的写作。 初始紧随范文，逐渐放手，完成全文，达到创新写作训练目的。　
  训练写作过程：　　填空→完成句子→开放写作。　
  说 明 文　Model Passage
  1　Clothes　We all wear clothes.Clothes can keep us warm when it is cold.They can make us look nice and smart，too.　We wear different kinds of clothes.When we go to work，we put on our working clothes.When we are at home, we change into more comfortable clothes.On special days, we put on our best clothes.　Clothes are made from cloth.There are many kinds of cloth.Some are thick and heavy.Others are thin and light.Good cloth does not shrink（收缩）or change color.　Presentation介绍　1￡?Read the passage carefully.熟读范文。
　2￡?Retell the model text according to the following frame work.根据框架复述范文。　Clotheskeep us make us .　different kinds to work at home special days,　made from Some  Others Good .　
  3.Look at the following picture.观察下面的图片。Shoes　
  4.Write the parallel text following the example of the model passage.The title is： Shoes  仿照范文的结构、段落和时态另写一篇题为《鞋子》的作文。　
   5.Content of the three paragraphs.三段的写作内容。
　Para 1: Why do we wear shoes?　　Para 2: When do we wear shoes?　　Para 3: What are shoes made of?　Writing Activity 写作活动　Shoes　Para 1: Blank filling（第一段：填空）　　We all wear .Shoes keep us  when it is .They can make us look and  too.　Para 2:Sentence cuing(第二段：句子提示)　We wear .When we go to work, .When we are at home,.On special days, .Para 3: Continue the composition using the helping words given.（用所给的词完成第3段）　leather thick heavy thin　lightcause blisters (起泡)　Model Passage 2　The Frog　The frog is a small animal.It is an amphibian (两栖动物).It lives both on land and in water.We usually find it near ponds, streams and rivers.　It has a head, a body and four legs.Its skin is greenish—— brown, smooth and moist (wet).It has two large eyes and a wide mouth.Its ears are behind each eye.The frog has webbed feet.The webbed feet help it to swim fast.　The frog feeds on insects and worms.It uses its quick tongue to catch insects.It picks up worms with its mouth.It swallows its food whole.　　Presentation介绍　1.Read and remember the model composition.细读、理解并记忆范文　2.What is written in each paragraph.各段所写内容　　Para 1: Tells us what the frog is.　Para 2: Tells its general appearance.　　Para 3: Tells its feeding habits.　3.The title of the parallel text: The Chick  仿照范文，写一篇题为《小鸡》的作文　4.Look at the picture of a chick.看图片　5.Find out all the facts about the chick.说出小鸡的特征　参考词汇:  furry, sharp claws, perching(栖息) ，etc.　　Writing Activity 写作活动　The Chick　　Para 1.(Controlled) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.　　（用适当的词填空）　The chick is a  animal.It is a .It lives only on .We usually find it on .　Para 2.(Guided) Complete each sentence with suitable phrases:（用适当的短语完成句子）　　It has a head,  and .Its feathers are .It has two  and a .Behind each eye is .These are .The chick has  on .The claws are  and .　Para 3.(Free) Complete the story using the helping words below.（用所给词完成段落）　wormsseedsscratchusesclaws　beakpull outswallows　Model Passage 3　　Useful Animals　Animals are useful to us in many ways.One useful animal is the sheep.It produces mutton as well as wool.In cold countries, people need woolen clothes to keep warm.　Another useful animal is the horse.It can work for us.It ploughs the fields.It can pull the cart or carry heavy things on its back.In many countries, horse racing is very popular.　Another useful animal is the elephant.It can lift very heavy logs with its trunk.It can carry both men and goods on its back.Presentation:介绍1.First read the comprehension passage…先进行阅读理解.　　2.All points of vocabulary and difficulties have been dealt.with.然后学习词汇以及处理语言难点　　3.Oral activity.口头练习：按提示复述原文。　Animals are …….One useful animal …….　　Another …… horse …….　　Another …… elephant…….　4.Parallel topic仿写作文题目:Useful plants  or  Useful birds.　5.Write on only 3 plants: the bamboo, the pine tree and the rubber tree.只写三种植物──竹子、松树和橡胶树　　6.Name the useful parts of each plant and suggest how each part can be used.讲出每种植物的有用部分以及用途　7.Use the box as a guide to write 3 paragraphs.